POSIX :-
POSIX an acronym for Portable Operating System Interface,is a family of standards specified by the IEEE Computer Society for maintaining compatibility between operating systems. POSIX defines the application programming interface (API), along with command line shells and utility interfaces, for software compatibility with variants of Unix and other operating systems.
Semaphore :-
In programming, especially in Unix systems, semaphores are a technique for coordinating or synchronizing activities in which multiple processes compete for the same operating system resources. A semaphore is a value in a designated place in operating system (or kernel)
storage that each process can check and then change. Depending on the
value that is found, the process can use the resource or will find that
it is already in use and must wait for some period before trying again.
Semaphores can be binary
(0 or 1) or can have additional values. Typically, a process using
semaphores checks the value and then, if it using the resource, changes
the value to reflect this so that subsequent semaphore users will know
to wait.
Semaphores are commonly use for two purposes: to share a common memory
space and to share access to files. Semaphores are one of the techniques
for interprocess communication (IPC). The C programming language provides a set of interfaces or "functions" for managing semaphores.
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